Enneking classification

Enneking classification

Primary spinal tumors

Classification

Grade

Benign lesion: G0
Low grade malignant lesion: G1
High grade malignant lesion: G2

Tumor spread and infiltration

Benign lesion; compartment confined: T0
Benign aggressive or malignant lesion; compartment confined: T1
Benign aggressive or malignant lesion; spread beyond compartment of origin: T2

Metastases

No metastases: M0
Regional or distant metastases: M1

Interpretation

Benign lesions

Benign latent (G0T0M0): Stage 1
Benign active (G0T0M0): Stage 2
Benign aggressive (G0T1-2M0-1): Stage 3

Malignant lesions

Low Grade (G1T0M0): Stage IA
Low Grade (G1T1M0): Stage IB
High Grade (G2T1M0): Stage IIA
High Grade (G2T2M0): Stage IIB
Metastatic (G1-2T0-1-2M1): Stage III

Reference(s)

Davis JH. Anatomical classification and surgical considerations: primary spinal tumours an overview. SA Orthopaedic Journal 2011; 10:26-30.
Last modified on July 10, 2016 by Pieter Kubben
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